The League Baseball Became The National Pastime - 956 Words

Cardinal’s Win Joe DiMaggio hit in 56 straight games, the longest hitting streak before or since. Ted Williams became the last man to hit .400. And the Brooklyn Dodgers won their first pennant in 20 years. (Burns) This is when Major League Baseball became the National Pastime. Since Major League Baseball has become the National Pastime the St. Louis Cardinals have had a rich history in baseball, for many years there have been many different teams won their respective divisions, have the best record in baseball, and win the amazing World Series. Although Major League Baseball has been around since the early 1800’s, since the year 2000 the St. Louis Cardinals have been one of the best teams in Major League Baseball. The St. Louis Cardinals reside in the National League Central Division. There are 5 teams in the division now as of 2016; the Cincinnati Reds, the Milwaukee Brewers, the Pittsburgh Pirates, the Chicago Cubs, and the St. Louis Cardinals. Prior to 2013 the Houston Astros were also a part of the Division. From the year 2000 to 2015 the St. Louis has come in first place in the National League Central Division 10 times, came in second 4 times, and third 2 times. (St. Louis Cardinals: Year-by-Year Results) Although the Cardinals have these amazing numbers, it is still thought that the New York Yankee’s have been better. The New York Yankee’s though have been good, but they have the same numbers as the St. Louis Cardinals. They have won their division 10 times, came inShow MoreRelatedHow is baseball Americas favorite pastime1313 Words   |  6 PagesKainoa Higa English 12 Ms. Grimble 10 April 2014 How Is Baseball Americans Favorite Past-Time Imagine you going up to the plate and hitting a base hit to score the winning run in the last inning. I will be talking to you about baseball, Americans favorite pastime. When I first played the game of baseball, I thought that baseball was so boring but when I got older, it got very interesting. The connection I can make is that baseball is America’s past time and has deep traditional values in manyRead MoreNegro Leagues968 Words   |  4 PagesNegro Baseball Leagues Baseball is known as one of Americas favorite pastimes. A fun filled family outing would include a picnic and a trip to see their favorite Major League Baseball team play. The faces of the children would light up when they caught a foul ball. This pastime of baseball was one of segregation and a naà ¯ve sense of enjoyment, for the baseball that they knew was a game of only Caucasian Americans. Little did they know, some of the most talented players were African-AmericanRead MoreBaseball : America s Pastime Of The Past1255 Words   |  6 PagesBaseball: America’s Pastime of the Past A pastime is a hobby that is performed in someone’s spare time. The term America’s pastime is something that the entire nation enjoys and participates in. Since its creation, baseball has taken the top spot as the nation’s favorite recreation. For generations it filled the homes of Americans whether it be via television, conversation, or participation. Families would travel together to their local baseball stadium and root for the home team. KidsRead MoreBaseball Is A Sport Of Baseball888 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"There are only two seasons, winter and baseball† (Veeck). For most people, baseball is a way of life, not just a sport they play or watch. The history of baseball goes all the way back to the 1800s, and is a sport played in many countries around the world. Baseball is one of America’s most popular sports, and it would not be called America’s Pastime if it wasn’t. The rules of baseball might be simple to grasp, but the game in itself is very difficult. Baseball has history that cannot be forgottenRead MoreAthletes drafted into World War II1456 Words   |  6 Pagesplayed in major league and broke the color barrier in baseball. Many people do not know but Robison served in the United State Army in 1942-1944. He played football with the Honolulu Bears but the season was cut short when the United States enter the war. During Robison training period he was arrested for not sitting in the back of the bus with his segregated color. His courage and moral objection to segregation was very important to the way he handled and impacted major league baseball (â€Å"About JackieRead MoreEssay on Impact of Baseball on American Culture and Society1618 Words   |  7 Pages Baseball has for a long time been a staple in the American sporting culture as baseball and America have grown up together. 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Baseball also offers heroism and an everyday working class style that are notRead MoreHistory and Importance of Baseball in the US Essay1763 Words   |  8 PagesBaseball is an American icon. It is the Statue of Liberty, the bald eagle, ‘In God We Trust,’ Mount Rushmore, ice cream, apple pie, hot dogs, and rally monkeys. BASEBALL IS AMERICA.† At one time baseball held the hearts and captivated the minds of the majority of the United States of America with its luster and almost magical exuberance. It exerted this on minds of young children and all the way up to old men and women in America. Americans fell in love with the scent of ballpark hotdogs and theRead MoreBaseball : America s Pastime869 Words   |  4 PagesBaseball; America’s pastime. The history of the game is just as much a part of America’s story as the Liberty Bell. There is no place that history is preserved more than the small town of 1,800 residents, Cooperstown, NY; home of the National Baseball Hall of Fame. Since 1936, the Hall of Fame has immortalized 215 of the most revered men to ever grace a ball diamond. Nearly every era of the game is depicted; with names like Cobb, Ruth, DiM aggio, Williams, and Mantle forever having their likenessRead MoreThe Black Panthers Minor League Baseball Team1259 Words   |  6 PagesBlack Panthers Minor League Baseball team, where he was scouted by Branch Rickey, the President of the Brooklyn Dodgers. He soon joined the Montreal Royals (Brooklyn Dodger’s stepping stone). He was the first black baseball player to play on an all white team. He had to practice and sleep in Daytona Beach, Florida, when the rest of his team played in Sanford, Florida. He was eventually able to train with the team. On April 15, 1947, he played his first Major League Baseball game at Ebbets Field

A Man For All Seasons Free Essays

The change from night to day (81 ) Is conveyed using a simple change of lighting. Light conveys the notion of change. Many scene changes are followed by the subsequent change in lighting. We will write a custom essay sample on A Man For All Seasons or any similar topic only for you Order Now Like the setting of the sun indicating the change into night. Bolt’s use of light gives the viewers an ability to feel the mood of the next scene and foreshadow the outcomes. The candle is used many times throughout the play and is a source of focused light. It Is small and casts a dim light, bringing the feeling of darkness and conspiracy. When taken away or blown out, it represents a change; the end of something. Wolves exits the stage, † taking most of the light from the stage as he does so† (13) giving the scene a dark and sinister feeling. It foreshadows the change of Lord Chancellor to Thomas More, and how this new position is going to be troublesome and fatal. Cromwell â€Å"[seizes] Rich by the wrist [and] he holds his hand in the candle flame† (46) frightening Rich and Introducing the feelings of cruelty and horror Into the atmosphere. Cromwell frightening action reflects what has happened In that scene; how Rich has now switched sides, ending his relationship with More. Their friendship smoldering away eke a slow burn. Silences are as Important as dialogue in a play?discuss the most significant silent moments In the play and their Importance. There are many silences In the play, such as those of the common Man, who chose to maintain silence Instead of revealing the plotting against More. More had also kept silent as Rich took the silver cup which signifies corruption instead of the teaching Job, a way to benefit society. In Act II, More remains silent about Norfolk until he is sure that the friendship should be ended. When Norfolk states that More should take the oath, More ends his silence s well as the friendship. The biggest silence Is Mere’s, which had kept him alive through the ordeal of King Henrys divorce until the very end. This silence, according to the bible, cannot be seen as dissent towards the king. He wittily uses this silence to his advantage in order to protect himself and his family against the law, as well as to prevent perjuring his beliefs. However, Cromwell argument that silence can signify affirmation with the example of the silent murder witnesses cost More his life. More also protects his family from the law by refusing to answer them. The silence e maintains about his opinions with the Act of Supremacy Is foreshadowed by the takes offence, by staying silent in front of them, they are able to truthfully answer in a court of law that they do not know his opinions. Stage directions convey a great deal: how do the stage directions for the Common Man convey the plays ideas? The Common Man is used by Robert Bolt to change the setting of the stage in the play. Many times in the play, he changes the setting while in character. He also addresses the audience and comments on the action as a character within the play. Robert Bolt uses the Common Man as a narrator through he stage directions to help the play to flow as a story rather than a play. Due to the Common Man’s stage directions, he is meant to draw the audience into the play rather than alienate them. He begins the first act by saying, â€Å"It is perverse! To start a play made up of kinds and Cardinals in speaking costumes and intellectuals with embroidered mouths, with me. (1) The Common Man is to represent the common type of people and through his actions and different characters throughout the play, the Common Man is relatable for the audience members and his reliability is conveyed through his stage directions. The Common Man is also used to highlight the traits of the other characters. As the boatman, he is used to demonstrate mere’s generosity. (15) The Common Man is also used to connect the two acts. At the beginning of Act II, the Common Man is used by Bolt to describe the change of time and setting, he sets up the scene by giving the audience some background. The foreign water is emphasized by the Common Man’s speech at the beginning of Act II, â€Å"a lot of waters flowed under the bridge† (47). The Common Man is used as a tool to help bring the play together and to help develop the other characters within the lay. Thematic Questions: On page 1 5-16–More has a conversation with the boatman. Explore the ethical implications of ;their discussion. How does the imagery of the boat and water reflect those ideas? In the preface to the play, Robert Bolt addresses his usage of water â€Å"as a figure for the superhuman context. The sea is unpredictable, unknown and alien giving it a sense of supernaturalism. He states that his main metaphors are the sea and water; that the â€Å"references to ships, rivers, currents, tides, navigation† (xvi) are all used to create a poetic image with philosophical depth. He compares society by contrast figures as dry land. Although Thomas More grasps onto the safety of the law and la nd, his faith takes him out into the chaos of the sea. Within the play, the symbolism of Mere’s faith in God as water and his belief in the law as the land is explored. Since Bolt intended the land to be considered to be a safe and known concept within the play, it can be compared to Mere’s knowledge in law. More is educated in law and he constantly uses the law to back his arguments. Due to mere’s knowledge of the law, he knows that he cannot be accused of high treason. â€Å"The law s a causeway upon which so long as he keeps to it a citizen may walk safely. † (92) More is comparing the law to a citizen’s walkway, if the law is kept, the citizens should â€Å"When a man takes an oath, he’s holding his own self in his own hands. Like water and if he opens his fingers then- he needn’t hope to find himself again. â€Å"(83) Since More refuses to take the oath towards King Henrys divorce, he is avoiding the law. He is choosing his faith and religion over the law; water over land. By not taking the oath, More doesn’t open his fingers and he doesn’t lose himself. He stays rooted in his faith. Only God is love right through, Howard; and that’s my self. â€Å"(71) In the end, More explores the extent of his faith and he learns to walk on water, by putting all his trust in God and putting God above the law. Character Questions: Compare and contrast Thomas More and William Roper. Thomas More and William Roper were both upright men who had a strong sense of morality and goodness. More and Roper differ in terms of religion. While More is unwavering in his Catholicism, Roper has swayed towards the Lutheran Church before turning back to Catholicism. More is modest in his dress, refusing to change even when the king visited. However, Roper is bold in clothing, changing into a magnificent black robe and cross after his conversion back to Catholicism. Bolt calls More â€Å"a hero of selfless. (xiv), referring to how he keeps his morals intact even when his life is threatened. Both men were well educated in law and put in service of the crown, with More as the lord chancellor and Roper â€Å"[being] called to the bar. † (16) Thomas More is a conservative, sensible man with a solid foundation on his morals and beliefs. He is not outspoken about his ideas, and he tries to guide people in t he eight direction by posing questions and choices instead of being direct. William Roper, however, is more liberal, and energetic. More is older and more experienced with life, careful with his speech and loyal to his conscience. Roper speaks his mind, thinking little of the effects of his words. He is constantly voicing his opinions at every opportunity, leading to Mere’s warning to protect his family. He also stands very firm on his beliefs and what he feels is right. Roper is one to take quick action, doing what he wants to do. However, More is thoughtful about his actions, staying out of harms ay and hiding behind his knowledge of the law and having faith in it. Through Roper’s actions within the play, Roper is Mere’s foil and emphasizes Mere’s strong belief in God and the Church in contrast to his passion for whichever church he was in at the time. Compare and contrast Cardinal Wolves and Thomas Cromwell. Cardinal Wolves and Thomas Cromwell were both key figures in this play, as influential members of government. They were both practical, politically aware men that played important roles in the affair of the kings divorce, and recognized the importance of having an heir to the throne. There are many physical differences between Wolves and Cromwell. Wolves is â€Å"Old. A big decayed body in scarlet† (xx), whereas Cromwell is in his late thirties, and dressed in black. Beyond the physical, the name of effective action† (xx), while Wolves is ambitious and intelligent, although his character is not well-developed before his death early in the play due to pulmonary pneumonia. His death serves as a warning for anyone else that did not follow the wishes of the king, and foreshadows the eventual death of Thomas More. Both Cromwell and Wolves try their best to complete what the King wants. â€Å"When the inning wants something done, [Cromwell] does it. † (21). Cromwell doesn’t stop to question the kings desires, nor does he try to compromise with those who are against the King. He wished to gain power through the affairs of the king despite the immoral consequences. Wolves tries to find alternate paths to the same outcome for the king, he looks at all aspects of the situation before drawing a conclusion. His wisdom is shown when he tells More that â€Å"Letting [King Henry] without an heir and we’ll have them back again. Let him die without an heir and this ‘peace’ you think so much of will go out like that! (12) Wolves takes other’s opinions into account whereas Cromwell only cares for the result that will make himself look best. Wolves failed to obtain the Pope’s dispersion, and therefore did not succeed in fulfilling the Kings wishes for divorce, while Cromwell devised many plans that led to the achievement of the divorce through force. Compare and contrast Lady Alice and Lady Margaret. Alice and Margaret are the ones closest to Thomas More. Both women are intelligent and righteous. This is shown when they agree that Rich was to be arrested when it became apparent that he had betrayed More. Alice is Mere’s wife, an understanding and caring woman that trusts in More beyond simple reasoning. She understands that he values morality over his life,and she feels that â€Å"[More] the best man that [she] ever met. † (86) Alice is sad to see her loved one go, but accepts his final resolution and painfully comes to terms with his decision. Unlike her stepmother, Margaret does not understand his reasons for sacrificing his life. â€Å"Meg [is] under oath to persuade [More]† (83) to choose life over morality. Alice is an impressive woman in her forties with an incredible ability to understand and worship her husband† (xx) as well as society, leading to trouble and defiance towards both. Margaret is a beautiful girl in her twenties with a naivety that is fostered by the care of her father. Both Alice and Margaret possess a unconditional love and care for Thomas More that they act upon in many occasions in the play. For instance, they repeatedly asked him about his conversations with Cardinal Wolves. Also, they prepared a feast for the King’s visit on his behalf. Although More is evasive and silent on his affairs, they think nothing but good of him, and support him to the end. How to cite A Man For All Seasons, Papers

Report on Ethical Theories & Practices

Question: Write a report on ethical theories practices. Answer: Introduction Business ethics are most o the time those code of conducts, which people assume that the organization would follow, although, there are chances of not following the set of code of conducts. There are certain behaviors within the organization that classifies the organization, either as a good or as a bad organization. There are entrepreneurs who, think that for the success of an organization business ethics is not that much important. Such is not the case because ethics are something that influences not only the stakeholders and the customers but at the same time, it influences the shareholders at the same time. Business ethics is something that affects the whole of the operations in the business in general. The global market has many business scandals, which proves that the organizations that have not followed the business ethics had to suffer a lot. One such business scandal is the Sanlu milk scandal (Branigan, 2009). The scandal got its exposure in the year 2008 on the month of August. According to different reports, the Sanlu Group is one of the most important dairy producers in China, who contaminated milk powder with melamine. The result of this contamination was, 30,000 babies only in China became sick and six babies had to experience the fatalities. Fonterra, the company from New Zealand, was one of the shareholders of the company. Fonterra warned Sanlu group about the contamination that are there in the products (Yan, 2011). The particular incident not harm the reputation of the company or the group but the particular incident harmed the reputation of the country as well. Other countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, banned goods coming from China. The reputation that Ch ina earned as the leading exporter of the product faced a challenge. Theories Utilitarianism with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Utilitarianism is one of the most important moral reasoning that is being used in the business ethics. According to the utilitarian theory, anything or rather any act that brings happiness for the greatest majority of the people in a group or society is considered as the right or the good act (Approaches to the Study of Ethics. 2016). Utilitarianism is a theory that is concerned about the benefit of the majority and for the happiness of the greatest majority of the people; it supports things like coercion and manipulation. During the eighteenth and the nineteenth century the English philosopher Jeremy Bentham, for the first time came up with the theory of Utilitarianism (Khan, 2016). After Bentham came up with this particular theory, it went through lots of changes. For example, Bentham supported the fact that the happiness of the majority should be measured in terms of pleasure and pain. In the nineteenth century, John Stuart Mill, another follower of the utilitarianism theory, came up with a little variation in the theory. According to Mill, one should measure the happiness n terms of quality and the quantity of the pain and the pleasure. Thus, one particular theory has gone through lots of changes and in the workplace, the particular theory has two different division. The first division of the utilitarian theory is the Act Theory, or the Act-Utilitarianism. According to this particular theory, if a particular behavior of the organization brings pain to the majority then the act or the behavior of the organization should be considered as right (Zuber Asheim, 2012). If the act of the organization fails to provide happiness to the majority, then the act would not be considered as the right action. Thus, the particular theory actually supports not only, the fairest methods but at the same time, it supports the most ethical decision that the organization could make. The Sanlu Milk scandal does not gets approve even by the act-utilitarian theory, because the decision the organization had taken would have brought profit to the organization but it would not have caused happiness to the majority (Workplace Example of Utilitarianism Ethics | FutureofWorking.com. 2016). The decision of the Sanlu Group actually brought pain to more than one group of people, which includes, the customers, other stakeholders and even the shareholder of the organization. The scandal affected the reputation of the country, that is, China. Rule-Utilitarianism is another form of utilitarianism, which is different from the act-utilitarianism. Rule-utilitarianism, unlike the act-utilitarianism, does not depend on the action carried on by an organization or by a person (Mautner, 2016). The theory depends on the set of rules, which will provide happiness to the majority of the people in the society or in a group. The rule-utilitarianism, considered a certain situation, and there are certain rules against that situation that would give greater happiness to the people. For example, according to the rule-utilitarian theory it is the rule that the manipulation of the price of the goods is not acceptable. Therefore, even if the act-utilitarian theory supports the manipulation of the prices for the greater good of the majority, such is not acceptable by the rule-utilitarian theory. The Sanlu milk scandal of the 2008 is not even approved by the rule-utilitarian theory as well. The group has manipulated with the ingredients of the product and this is something that is not an acceptable rule, which would bring happiness for the majority. Thus, neither the act-utilitarian theory, nor the rule-utilitarian theory approves the actions of the Sanlu Group. Individualism with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal The theory of individualism is based on the self-interest of an individual that would help an organization to benefit, at least in the end. The individualism theory gives more emphasis to the personal benefits of the individuals (Business and Economic Ethics Lesson One: Business Society and Normative Ethics. 2016). According to this particular theory if an organization follows the theory of individualism then it could utilize the selfish interest of the people as an instrument of motivation. Thus, according to this theory the personal or the self-interest of the people is given more importance. The particular theory gives more emphasis to the long-term benefits and not much importance is given to the short-term benefits. The The particular theory has one problem and that is although the theory gives more importance to the long-term benefits and not much importance to the short-term benefits; yet, many times, the organization move towards the short-term benefits (Weiss, 2014). Therefore, most of the time the self-interest of the individual or the organization leads to such decision making situations that does not bring happiness for the people; or it can be said that those decisions are not in any way ethical for the people or the society (Quinn, Reed, Browne Hiers, 2016).. Therefore, most of the time, the individualism theory turned out to be fruitful for the organization but most of the time the ethical notion that is attached to it is missed out at the same time. The Sanlu milk scandal can be considered as one such incident, where the theory has been used in the wrong way, to gain maximum benefit (Velasquez, Andre, Shanks Meyer, 2012). The Sanlu Group, like many other organizations emphasized on the short-term benefits and not on the long-term benefits. Therefore, the individual interest of the people served the short-term benefits of the people and the company gained profit as well (Liu, Lee, Hui, Kwan Wu, 2013). The problem aroused when the scandal has its exposure in the global market; and the reputation of the group was hampered at the same time. The individualism theory, therefore, lies in a stark contrast with the utilitarian theory, because this particular theory gives more emphasis to the individual gain and loss (The Chinese Tainted Milk Scandal|Business Ethics|Case Study|Case Studies. 2016). The utilitarian theory on the other hand gives more importance to the collective happiness of the people. The Sanlu milk scandal of the 2008 can be considered as such a case where the decision-making things are individualistic in nature and not collective in nature. It can be seen as a case where the individualism theory has been used to have short-term gains. The individualism theory can only be ethical if the theory is used to serve the long-term purpose. The particular theory therefore, raises a conflict between individual choices and the norms that are there in a corporation. Thus, it can be said that this particular theory is not really an appropriate theory for the modern corporations that are there in the global market. The S anlu milk scandal, according to many scholars and critics, opened up the long-term and short-term orientation that should be there in the organization. Rights Approach with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Another important ethical approach is the Rights approach, where the dignity of the individual and the freedom of the individual are given respect. According to this particular theory or approach, every individual has the right to live freely, and at the same time, they have the right to express their views and their wills. The particular approach depends n the choices that one make, and this choices should ensure not only that person but everyone else has the freedom to live their life, according to their will. The people, who are making the choices, should be responsible enough to make the choices (Donnelly, 2013). The choices should not only be legitimate but at the same time should be morally correct as well. The particular theory or approach can be divided into two parts. One way to interpret the particular theory is the positive way and the second way to interpret he particular theory is the negative way. The German philosopher Immanuel Kant has made the positive way of interpretation of the rights approach, in the eighteenth century. According to Kant if individuals are seen as a means of a purpose then that will not actually, contribute towards the development of the humanity (van Hoorn, 2014). According to Kant, if people want to show respect towards the dignity of the other people and want to save them from moral wrong doings then they should see people as the end of a purpose (Meeler, 2016). If one goes by this definition of the positive approach then it can be said that in case of the Sanlu milk scandal, the babies and the customers are seen as the means to earn the profit for the company. Thus, the company made the free decision of manipulating the ingredients, because they thought that their customers are the means, through, which they will earn their profit (Williams, Galick, Knudsonà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ Martin Huenergardt, 2013). Thus, they fail to provide respect to a larger amou nt of the individuals and to their dignity and thus ethically could not contribute to the society, nor did it sustained in the global market for a long time. The other interpretation of the rights approach is the negative interpretation. According to this particular interpretation, there are certain rights that are being claimed by an individual, but to ensure that the individual receives what he/she has claimed, certain duties are imposed on the others (McMenemy, 2014). Among all such rights, there is one very important right and that is the right to not be, killed by others. The Sanlu milk scandal violates the particular negative right that people enjoy and want that the others perform their duties in such a way that they do not face any problem in enjoying their right. In case of the Sanlu milk scandal, the people who were working in the organization, and the decision-making body in the organization, fails to perform their duties (Feng, Brewer Ley, 2012). Thus, six babies have to face the fatalities and they were denies the negative right of not to be killed by the others. Justice Approach with Reference to Sanlu Milk Scandal Justice approach again is another important approach, in the business ethics. The particular approach has its roots in the Western culture. The ancient western culture, which includes, philosophers like Plato and Aristotle, has the reference to the theory of justice. The particular approach is being referred as the fairness approach at the same time. The particular supports, neither favoritism nor does it support any kind of discrimination, as well. According to Aristotle, one could only ensure justice if there is an equal treatment for those who are equal and unequal treatment for those who are unequal (Arthur, Ashton Beecher, 2014). Thus, the particular approach is of the opinion that people should be treated equally without any kind of discrimination. The particular approach can be explained as the distribution of happiness and the burden among the people. In deciding the fairness of distributing the happiness and the burden among the people, it is important to take into consider ation the amount of benefits that is being enjoyed by a particular section of people. In the Sanlu Milk scandal, the organization and the decision-making body who was there in the organization enjoyed the profit. On the other hand, the customers or rather the consumers, of this organization are those people who had to suffer because of the manipulation of the ingredients (Sanlu | Homepaddock. 2016). Therefore, here one group is favored over the other and this is something that could not be claimed as the justice that is there for the people. The Sanlu milk scandal, supported favoritism and thus it had negated justice. Justice has been denied in this particular scandal because here there is no equal treatment for the people (Noddings, 2013). If one group has enjoyed profit then the other had not only suffered but it actually took the life of many people as well. In this particular case people who were accused of providing milk powder, contaminated with melamine to the people, or rather to the babies, although received equal amount of justice. The Sanlu milk scandal, according to the reports presented by China, harmed almost 30,000 babies among these 30,000 babies six had to experience fatalities. There are almost 54,000 babies who had been hospitalized and after around four years or so 12 babies, who were being fed the Sanlu milk powder died of malnutrition (Ivey Publishing. 2016). Therefore, the Chinese government conducted a criminal case against the company and two of the officials in the company were executed. Apart from these two officers, other officers had to face or rather experience imprisonment. The other officers of the company received 15 years of imprisonment. Thus, in case of receiving, if one go by the justice approach it can be said that the Sanlu group has been punished in the right way. Thus, it had provided the right justice to the people, who had suffered because they had consumed the products that are being offered by the Sanlu Group. The Sanlu milk scandal, therefore, is a scandal that has actually not provided justice to most of the people. It not only includes the customers and the stakeholders but at the same time it includes other organization in the country. The Sanlu group gained benefit through the manipulation, at least a short-term profit, but the reputation of the other Chinese organization was affected because of the action that has been carried out by the Sanlu group. Countries like Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, did not allow selling those goods in the country that were exported from China. Thus, the Sanlu milk scandal is such a scandal that has unfairly distributed the benefits as well as the burden among the people. The company although, could very easily have avoided it; provided the company adopts those strategies that were ethical in nature and aligns with the four discussed ethical approaches at the same time. Thus, here are few recommendations that would have helped the company to sustain in the market in spite of huge amount of competition that is there in the market. The few recommendations have been discussed below. Recommendation Sanlu group should have listened to the warnings of their shareholder, Fonterra, and should have followed the act-utilitarianism. The particular approach at that moment would have helped the company to take such a decision that would have brought happiness for the majority; in this case for the organization and its employees; the customers and the stakeholders. The adoption of rule-utilitarian theory would have saved the company from taking those actions that are unethical in nature. According to the set of rules, manipulating either price or the ingredients of the products would not bring happiness to the majority of the people. Thus, if this particular theory has been adopted then it would have become easy for the organization to not to adopt any unethical decision. Thus, they could not manipulate the ingredients and thus would have gain competitive advantage in the global market, which is good for the stakeholders, shareholders and especially for the consumers of the products. The company could have adopted the individualism theory for fulfilling the long-term benefit of the organization. Many scholars and critics believe that the individualism theory has been adopted by the Sanlu, but only for the short-term profit. Thus, if the group had adopted individualism theory for the short-term gain then it would have been turned out to be advantageous for the group and for the people living in the society. The Sanlu group should have abided by the negative rights approach, and then it would not have committed the unethical act such as contaminating the milk powder with melamine. Moreover, the company should have provided justice each people, and should not have thought about the benefit of a particular group. If the company would have thought about the justice for everyone then contaminating the milk powder and risking the life of several babies would not have taken place as well. Conclusion The Sanlu milk scandal, which took place in the year 2008, not only risk the life of several babies, but at the same time it affected the international relation between the countries as well. Many countries suspected that the things that are produced in China are not at all good and thus they did not allowed the exported Chinese goods in the country. Thus, the financial economy of the people too, suffered a lot. Moreover, the shareholders of the other countries, such as Fonterra, of New Zealand, who had 43% of its share in the Sanlu group, too had to suffered largely. Therefore, it can be concluded that for the success of a business following business ethics is important. Business ethics is not something that people know that one will follow but it is something that people assumes that one must follow. 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