Teen Credit Cards free essay sample

Don’t you think life would’ve been simpler in the event that you had a charge card when you were more youthful? A great many people wouldn’t think, yet you more than likely would have had a superior future. Given a Visa and legitimate guidance, school destined teenagers would more than likely expertise to all the more likely get ready for obligation. It’s likely that finding out about Visas at a previous age, possibly 14 or 15, would help over the long haul. You don’t even truly need to have one, simply find out about the dangers and advantages. Possibly you’re down in your karma, stuck on the unending rollercoaster of Visa obligation. Be that as it may, possibly this wasn’t consistently inescapable. It’s likely that if your folks permitted you and showed you how to possess a Mastercard when you were more youthful, you would realize acceptable behavior in an obligation circumstance. Numerous guardians should, â€Å"Consider beginning your teenager off with a Mastercard attached to your record. Not exclusively will your teenager acquire your great FICO assessment, however it will likewise permit you to perceive the amount they are spending. Consider having your teenager just utilize the Visa for crises to begin with, and afterward support possibly charging what can be covered off when the bill shows up. This ideally will check your youngster from exploiting the Mastercard, as it is anything but difficult to let charging escape control†(Tips for your). However, you most likely won’t really have to possess a charge card in the event that you don’t accept you’re prepared. Possibly all you need is a comprehension. † What’s entertaining is that it would be incredible if, when you get to school, you very knew quite a bit about what Visas are, the means by which they truly work, what they need you to do, what they don’t need you to do, and the honest job that they play in your future accounts. It’s one thing to set up a FICO Score, which everyone needs. It’s something else, be that as it may, to rise up out of school with an awful FICO Score, which most understudies do today. Since understudies don’t nderstand that when they get one of these Visas, in the event that they go over their credit limit, on the off chance that they are not on-time in taking care of their Mastercard tabs, that in actuality that’s answered to the credit bureau†¦One of the least demanding approaches to set up credit, in all honesty, is the point at which you are more youthful, when you are 12, 13, 14, if your folks have great FI CO scores, if your folks are mindful, if your folks basically included you †around then †to the entirety of their cards as an approved client, they don’t need to give you a card, they don’t need to tell you that they did that, at that point their FICO scores would turn into your FICO scores. You would build up credit dependent on their history† (Orman). So guardians, that implies at early ages, an adolescents Mastercard is incompletely your duty, and the teenager needs to take in everything from you. Having a Visa isn’t pretty much cash and learning cash the board, despite the fact that that’s what it appears as. It’s likewise about instructing life exercises like obligation. â€Å"Many guardians decide to give their youngster a Mastercard on the grounds that it expands their awareness of other's expectations and in light of the fact that it assists with instructing them about taking care of cash. Giving charge cards for teenagers is a protected and helpful route for children to find out about Visas, planning, and general accounts. Learning legitimate cash the board is a major bit of leeway for a young person and will be helpful in the future† (Garrett). Not exclusively does having a charge card give an awareness of other's expectations, yet in addition a modest quantity of obligation can have positive impacts in a teen’s confidence and self-see. Specialists have had two contending perspectives on how obligation may influence people’s self-idea, Dwyer said. Some have said obligation should have constructive outcomes since it assists individuals with putting resources into their future† (Grabmeier). So even with obligation, claiming a charge card is a compensating experience. Despite the fact that giving more youthful adolescents a Mastercard to help them would be a good thought on paper, here and there it very well may be hazardous in light of the fac t that teenagers presumably won’t know it all, and might wind up in a difficult situation. State, for example, there is a high schooler that accepts they ought to get anything they desire, regardless of what it costs, similar to a $300 shirt, â€Å"That kind of conduct goes into school, where she’s now given a Visa, and she currently begins to revolutionary and she purchases everything and anything she needs on that charge card since she needs to resemble different children, she needs to feel like different children. The reality of the situation is you need to think past that†¦ think past this one sweater or this one, cool arrangement on eBay, or on Amazon, and that you’re setting aside cash. It’s not. It is safe to say that you are setting aside cash? † It’s, â€Å"Is this a need? Or on the other hand is this a need? † Because when you graduate school, when you are all alone, as life goes further on, you might be the one answerable for the understudy advance obligation that you’ve made (Orman). Not exclusively is reckl essness now and again a major issue with credit, however there are additionally numerous different risks, for example, fraud. â€Å"Young individuals, 18-29 years old, are the main objective for character cheats, as per Quest, an interchanges organization that is attempting to bring issues to light of the issue (Schonberger). Wholesale fraud can occur whenever, and wherever, and a few youngsters probably won't realize how to deal with it on the off chance that it ever occurs. Be that as it may, if an adolescent is shown right on time by their folks that everything that they do will affect their future, and that the Visa isn’t only a bit of plastic that hands out free cash without any hidden obligations, at that point teenagers would have an a lot littler possibility of driving themselves into obligation and might be progressively careful of their charge card wellbeing. The key†¦ is the inclusion of guardians in showing youngsters how to utilize both credit and charge cardsâ€and in observing their childrens utilization of plastic. You dont give a kid an instrument and state, ‘Plunk around on this for some time a check whether you can figure out how to play,’ she said. ‘The demonstration of giving children a Mastercard or a check card isnt going to give them great cash the board propensities. There must instruct and practicing’† (Levine). Guardians consistently assume a significant job in their teen’s training; why stop with school, when you can show something helpful. More youthful individuals ought to get Mastercards or if nothing else training in them, since it would apply vital life exercises and set them up for their future. Sending a youngster recklessly into existence without assistance or direction presumably isn’t the best thought. In the event that you don’t think your adolescent is prepared for a Visa, avoid any and all risks and set them up with a made sure about Visa. Made sure about charge cards, where you or your kids (or both) store a specific sum into a record, and your youngsters can figure out how to oversee cash the manner in which most grown-ups do.

KFC Corporation Essay

KFC Corporation, or KFC, established and furthermore known as Kentucky Fried chicken is a chain of drive-through eatery situated in Louisville, Kentucky. KFC is a brand and working portion, called a â€Å"concept† of Yum! Brands since 1997 when that organization was spun off from PepsiCo. KFC essentially sells chicken in type of pieces, wraps, servings of mixed greens and sandwiches. While its essential center is singed chicken, KFC additionally offers a line of broiled chicken items, side dishes and treats. Target Market â€Å"The procedure of assessing each market segment’s appeal and choosing at least two segments† As the outlets of KFC are in rich region and costs are excessively high (overhead costs lease, cooling, workers), so KFC target upper and white collar classes. Target showcase relies on size and development pace of populace, organization assets and basic engaging quality of market section. Market Positioning For an item to involve an unmistakable, particular and attractive spot comparative with â€Å"competing items in the brains of target consumer.† In KFC criticism is taken from the client so as to realize the client requests and afterward enhancements are made in the item. KFC centers around unadulterated and new food so as to make a particular and away from in the brains of clients, KFC has a solid brand name and they are driving business sector in seared chicken.

Dads Weekend

Dads Weekend So, Im writing you all today on my 20th birthday. Happy birthday to me! I took a break from dancing to tell you about how my Dads Weekend here at Illinois went. I was lucky enough that both my mom and dad came down to Champaign-Urbana to visit me. I havent seen my parents since Move-In Day back in August, so it was nice being with them. They even brought me a brownie cake with frosting and blue and orange sprinkles. You bet the blue and orange sprinkles were there for a reason! I showed my parents the fraternity I live  in and introduced them to my roommates parents. They loved how clean my fraternity house was and the brotherhood displayed the whole weekend. My fraternity catered in Black Dog BBQ, so we had delicious brisket  and pork too. We also chilled out in my living room to watch  the Fighting Illini football team take on the Ohio State Buckeyes. I heard the game at Memorial Stadium had over 55,000 peopleâ€"what a wonderful display of Illini pride! Its too bad the Illini lost, but they put up a good fight against a  great Ohio State team. Theres nothing like Big Ten sports. It was the making  of a perfect Dads Weekend. Even the weather cooperated! Although slightly chilly, the sun was out, making it comfortable to walk around. Green Street was filled with Illini and their families, which was a pretty cool sight to see. My parents and I went to the bookstore, and my father, who is an Illinois College of Media alumni, bought an Illinois alumni mug. Anyway, Dads Weekend is always a good time. Its a chance for  your parents and loved ones to  come down and see what life as an Illini is like. It was great family bonding time, and I cant wait to be home with them for Thanksgiving next week. Daniel Class of 2018 I’m an Advertising major in the College of Media. I’m from a northwest suburb of Chicago called Buffalo Grove. I chose Illinois because it was the first university in the entire world to offer an Advertising major, which is pretty cool!

Teaching Strategies For Children s Elementary School...

This book will show tried and tested strategies used during my children’s elementary school years at a public school and our homeschool years during middle school. These strategies will smooth out tempestuous parenting waters, whether a child is in a traditional school or home schooled. Children are a measure of our success, worthiness, and achievements. We are judged by their success and triumphs and we compare ourselves to other parents and the way they educate their children. Additionally, we compare our children to other children and how they behave and interact with others. Every parent’s desire is that their children be successful, well adjusted, loving, respectful, independent, self-motivated, religious, giving, nice,†¦show more content†¦Homeschooling was the way to implement my ideas and ensure that my children received the best education. I spent years taking education classes to prepare myself for this new endeavor. Behavior Observation and Screening in Child Care, Child Growth and Development, EDE 0755, EEC 1200 (Fundamentals of Early Childhood Education), Behavior and Screening in Child Care, Child Growth and Development, Identifying and Reporting Child Abuse and Neglect, Health and Nutrition, Developmentally Appropriate Practices for Young Children, School Rules and Regulations were some of the classes that I took at a local university. These classes along with my experience with the school system assisted me in developing new ideas. I home schooled my older son for middle school, yet took my younger son out of the school system in elementary school. Those were our best years, our children had time to be children and play outside every day and not be stuck at home doing homework after a long day at school. We traveled all over the United States, Canada, and Brazil, we learned as we travelled without the constraint of the school calendar. They flourished since they loved homeschool. Not to mention that it was no longer boring or repetitive. They advanced so much that they both were accepted into an extremely advanced program for high school and were full time college students by

List 3 stages Addiction - 1424 Words

Addiction Addiction, to a layman, is an insane attraction or out of control (being hooked) towards a substance, event, person or an activity in an attempt to escape or avoid emptiness, meaningless, monotonous, boredom, loneliness etc, etc in life. Something that normal people found impossible to understand or comprehend. Advice (gentle or harsh), scolding and even beating would not deter them. Types of addiction: Substance addictions e.g. heroin, nicotine, alcohol Behavioral additions e.g. gambling, sex, eating, relationships, work, compulsive physical exercise, internet/tv, shopping, etc Basically, they are divided into functional and dysfunctional type. Below discussions focused on the dysfunctional like drug, alcohol and†¦show more content†¦The addict starts to act out his belief system in a ritualistic manner and his behavior is more out of control. Because the addict must make emotional sense to himself of the inappropriate behaviour, he turns to denial, repression, lies, rationalizations, and other defences to cope with what is happening. When the addict acts out, he must withdraw into his addictive personality to receive support. He started to isolate himself from others and the loneliness becomes another signal to act out (more alcohol or drugs). This vicious cycle serves to strengthen the addictive process. The behaviour becomes more ritualised. As the addict becomes more controlled by the process, those people around the addict sense his emotional withdrawal and react to it. This is the start of people problems, as the addict manipulates people and treats them as objects. The next thing that happens is for the people around the addict to label him as irresponsible, troubled, tense, crazy, or strange. Stage two, includes the development of tolerance (not able to escape the pain). Not only the addict is avoiding people now, if possible, people around him also wanted to avoid him because of the many intolerable issues like lies and stealing that the addicts bring forth in the family, neighbourhood or workplace if he is still employable . Relationship starts to dwindle and causes confusion and resentment not only with the addicts but among other family members too. Because ofShow MoreRelatedAlcohol Dependence: A Case Study1243 Words   |  5 Pagessome can actually use it only on occasions while others mess up their lives for it. Teens particularly are prone to the hazards of alcohol if they start quitting school to. 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Whether it be drugs, actions, or behaviors, addictions can tear lives, families, and friendships apart and are never positive. But is it really the addict’s fault? Could it be a genetic flaw that fuels the addiction? Or are these addicts just lazy people with no self control? Along with others, these questions are important becauseRead MoreThe Habits That Hold You Essay2417 Words   |  10 Pagesbecomes the habit.† This quote by David Ryan shows the level of addiction in some addicts (Ryan 1) Addiction is a serious disease that is incurable in most people, and the numbers of people who are addicts is growing worldwide. An addiction is being abnormally tolerant to and dependent on something that is psychologically or physically habit-forming, addictions range from a wide variety of things such as drugs, alcohol, and food addictions. In the United States, substance abuse is growing rapidly.

Alzheimers Effect On The Brain Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

string(29) " desirable in this instance\." Alzheimer ‘s disease is a progressive neurodegenerative upset of the encephalon that consequences in damage of memory and decrease in the ability in logical thinking, planning, linguistic communication, and besides perceptual experience. [ 3 ] It is considered as one of the most common types of dementedness and it accounts for an estimated 60 to 80 per centum of instances. This is due to the increasing figure of impairment of nervus cells in the encephalon. We will write a custom essay sample on Alzheimers Effect On The Brain Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Therefore, figure of synapses lessenings and causes the information transportation at the synapses begins to neglect lead to cells dice. [ 2 ] There are several hazard factors in this instance. Most experts agree that the greatest hazard factor for Alzheimer ‘s disease is progressing age but it is non a normal portion of aging. [ 2 ] Besides, it has been proven that Alzheimer ‘s disease is caused by a combination of factors, including familial heritage, environmental factors, diet and overall general wellness significance that no individual cause for it. [ 7 ] There has no current remedy for Alzheimer ‘s disease and no proved intervention to decelerate its patterned advance. However, interventions for symptoms can so be used to detain its oncoming. [ 5 ] Therefore, to get the better of the increasing figure of developing Alzheimer ‘s disease, I have considered the usage of cholinesterase inhibitors ( 287 ) The symptoms of Alzheimer ‘s disease can be divided into two chief classs which are â€Å" cognitive symptoms † and â€Å" behavioural and psychiatric symptoms † . I would wish to concentrate on the intervention for the cognitive symptoms which affect memory, linguistic communication, opinion, planning, ability to pay attending and besides other thought procedures. [ 3 ] Cholinesterase inhibitors are effectual in increasing the degrees of acetylcholine in the encephalon, which is critical in memory and acquisition. They delay the oncoming of declining symptoms for 6 to 12 months in about half of the people who take it. [ 9 ] FDA has presently approved the usage of four cholinesterase inhibitors, tacrine, donepezil, rivastigmine and galantamine. [ 11 ] Some of these drugs work best in the earlier phases while some are reserved for the ulterior phases. In clinical surveies, all cholinesterase inhibitors work every bit good by increasing the sum of acetylcholine in the encephalon or by heightening nervus cell ‘s response to it. [ 10 ] Among all, donepezil is the lone drug that can be used to handle all phases of Alzheimer ‘s disease, from mild to severe. It is taken one time a twenty-four hours and has modest benefits at best. However, persons with Down ‘s syndrome who are over 40 old ages old are excluded as the karyon basalis of Meynert in patients with Down ‘s syndrome contains fewer nerve cells than in normal comparing topics. This causes the symptoms of Alzheimer ‘s patients with Down ‘s syndrome to acquire worse. [ 18 ] ( 529 ) â€Å" The efficaciousness of donepezilA was demonstrated in a 24-week double-blind survey in which patients with mild to chair AD were indiscriminately assigned to donepezil ( 5 or 10 mg/day ) or placebo. Cognition, as measured by the Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale, cognitive subscale ( ADAS-cog, and the Clinician ‘s planetary evaluations were significantly improved in both intervention groups compared with placebo. There was no consistent consequence noted on patient-related quality of life steps. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.uptodate.com/patients/content/topic.do? topicKey=~iqpTJo3u3dzUoc, retrieved on 5 September 2010 The initial dose should be started at a lower sum which is 5mg one time day-to-day for donepezil and increased to 10mg daily after one month of ingestion. Then, the titration can so be preceded to the maximal dosage. There is grounds shown that patients with higher doses had better results compared to those with lower doses. However, patients with maximal dose should be carefully monitored to avoid any side effects such as sickness. If patient with maximal dose achieved satisfactory consequences so it should be continued. [ 19 ] The above graph shows that the alteration from baseline on ADSD ( Alzheimer Disease Assessment Scale-cognitive subscale ) of donepezil and placebo group. [ 15 ] ( 739 ) The cholinesterase inhibitors although non the remedy, there are benefits shown that bettering the symptoms even for advanced Alzheimer ‘s disease. However, the exact doses need to be on a regular basis monitored to extinguish the side effects of cholinesterase inhibitors. [ 16 ] These medicines do non work for all patients ] Without ongoing usage of cholinesterase inhibitors, status of patients will deteriorate over a period of 4 to 6 hebdomads until they reach the same point where patient has non taken the drug. [ 17 ] Social and Economic Implication Patients with Alzheimer ‘s disease tend to bury things easy due to the increasing figure of nervus cells deteriorate. Therefore, they may bury to take their medicine and causes unwanted consequence. Most of them will happen it hard to keep a occupation or even care for themselves and therefore causes great load to households and friends, particularly their loved 1s. Furthermore, patients will experience down when they are confronting more and more trouble pass oning about their experience. As a consequence, symptoms of unwellness go undetected and cause infection in other variety meats and therefore physical uncomfortableness may be expressed through behaviour. The drugs do work when the knowledge is maintained ; patients can retrieve better and be able to get by with behaviors. Hence, health professionals, friends and household are playing imperative function in supplying aid and support to person covering with Alzheimer ‘s disease. In add-on, patients require great attachment to intervention which would do immense fiscal load and economic impact. Harmonizing to WHO, Alzheimer ‘s disease is the most dearly-won compared to other major chronic conditions. [ 20 ] The betterment after utilizing medicines might be minimum. However, some surveies show that these medical specialties do assist in a long tally. [ 21 ] For illustration, donepezil 10mg day-to-day costs around A $ 400.64, though expensive but deserving with high effectivity. [ 22 ] Like other diseases, Alzheimer ‘s disease patients need ongoing intervention as betterment will worsen after halting taking in medicine. This would take to uninterrupted cost and therefore finance from other healthcare resources is extremely desirable in this instance. You read "Alzheimers Effect On The Brain Health And Social Care Essay" in category "Essay examples" ( 1065 ) The chart shows that the cost for handling Alzheimer ‘s disease is the highest. [ 20 ] The graph above shows that the cost for caring of people with Alzheimer ‘s disease is expected to increase for the following 40 old ages. [ 23 ] ( 1143 ) Benefits and Hazards Cholinesterase inhibitors are effectual in bettering knowledge, behavior and therefore cut downing health professional emphasis. [ 24 ] This is due to the increasing sum of acetylcholine though they can ne’er change by reversal the devastation of encephalon cells. Improvement with these medicines might be minimum but people have the opportunity to take meaningful lives once more with the better memory and thought abilities. However, they might besides enforce side effects to human wellness such as dyspepsia, loss of appetency and weight loss. Therefore, exercising and balanced diet are besides of import. Regular physical exercising can take down the hazard of Alzheimer ‘s because it may profit encephalon cells by increasing blood and O flow. [ 25 ] The chief job is caused by the dose titration. Every titration should be started at low titration and if necessary merely preceded to maximal dose to obtain maximal status. Most of the drugs are used to handle mild to chair except for donepezil which can used to handle all phases. Furthermore, these medicines are non recommended for usage in MCI ( Mild Cognitive Impairment ) as grounds shows the increased hazard of injury, including decease. [ 19 ] Furthermore, some patients tend to bury to take these medicines for the interest of extinguishing possible side effects. This consequences in the impairment of status of patients and increases the hazard of backsliding of symptoms. ( 1210 ) Benefit No of responses Percentage of all responses Percentage of people describing Slowed/stabilized unwellness 1045 25 % 39 % Happier/brighter/more aware/more active 550 13 % 21 % Improved/helped memory loss 491 12 % 18 % Calmer/less aggressive 324 8 % 12 % More independent/taking attention of personal demands 238 6 % 9 % Showed an involvement in things 219 5 % 8 % Improved conversation/speech 187 4 % 7 % Less confused/better apprehension 183 4 % 7 % Better quality of life 137 3 % 5 % Restored/more confident 105 2 % 4 % The tabular array besides shows that the betterment of patient after taking medicines. [ 7 ] ( 1426 ) Alternate Treatments Mental Stimulation â€Å" Harmonizing to the 2008 Wall Street Journal reappraisal â€Å" Neurobics and Other Brain Supporters, † A an active, stimulated encephalon reduces your odds of developing Alzheimer ‘s. Those who remain engaged in activities affecting multiple undertakings, necessitating communicating, interaction, and organisation, who continue larning, and invariably challenge their encephalons earn the greatest protection. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.helpguide.org/elder/alzheimers_prevention_slowing_down_treatment.htm, retrieved on 7 September 2010 Alzheimer ‘s disease can ne’er be cured but it can be prevented or delayed by this method. Mental stimulation is well-known for non merely a powerful preventative manner but can besides decelerate down the disease. Surveies carried out in China have shown that nonreaders were five times more likely to get AD than high school alumnuss. [ 27 ] Besides, this intervention was supported by a Chicago survey affecting 90 patients. It was reported that those patients who got frequent cognitive activity were approximately 0 % less likely to develop Alzheimer ‘s disease than those with small or no cognitive activity. [ 31 ] Any signifier of mental exercisings such as playing cards, Sudoku or even analyze a foreign linguistic communication can maintain on supplying encephalon to larn something new every twenty-four hours. Besides, memorisation can be practiced. For case, rimes and forms can be created to beef up memory connexions. [ 26 ] Electroconvulsive Therapy ( ECT ) ECT is a technique that induces a ictus by directing electric current to the encephalon of patients causes alterations in the encephalon chemical science when patients are given muscular relaxant. However, it can do impermanent short term memory loss despite being really effectual in handling terrible AD. [ 28 ] Unilateral ECT is believed to do less memory loss compared to bilateral ECT. [ 29 ] ECT is done when all the possible interventions fail. Harmonizing to Vaughn McCall, professor and president of ( 1718 ) the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioural Medicine, â€Å" Quality of life and map are improved in ECT patients every bit early as two hebdomads after the decision of ECT. â€Å" [ 30 ] Therefore, the ability of operation of encephalon can therefore better. NICE, an arm of Britain ‘s National Health Service, said ECT should be used â€Å" merely to accomplish rapid and short-run betterments of terrible symptoms after other intervention options have failed and/or when the status is considered to be potentially life endangering in persons with terrible depressive unwellness, catatonia or a drawn-out or terrible frenzied episode. † hypertext transfer protocol: //www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2004/11/041104011942.htm, retrieved on 7 September 2010 Evaluation The purpose of this website hypertext transfer protocol: //www.alz.org/alzheimers_disease_what_is_alzheimers.asp is to supply information about Alzheimer ‘s disease and to extinguish it through the promotion of research. Besides, it aims to supply and heighten attention and support for all affected. It is the largest private ; non-profit-making funder of Alzheimer research therefore any information on the site should be factual and dependable. This website hypertext transfer protocol: //www.nia.nih.gov/Alzheimers/Publications/adfact.htm focal points on supplying scientific attempt to educate state to understand the nature of aging and to widen the healthy, active old ages of life. It provides leading in aging research, preparation, and wellness information and other plans relevant to older people. Information found on this web site should be legitimate as similar information is accounted by the other beginnings excessively. The Clinical Diagnosis and Management of Alzheimer ‘s disease by Serge Gauthier book provides the information about the world of Alzheimer ‘s disease that afflicts people of all states. It was written by the writer with the aid of Alzheimer Societies in pull offing patients and health professional ‘s demands. Therefore, information from this book should be precise. However, it may non be up-to-date as this book was published in 1996 and immense alterations might go on within these 14 old ages due to the intercession of engineering. ( 2001 ) How to cite Alzheimers Effect On The Brain Health And Social Care Essay, Essay examples

Principles and practice of youth work free essay sample

Question: Choose two of the principles of professional practice in youth and community work investigated on the course and discuss their significance for the profession. Illustrate this with a case study or case studies from professional practice, which show how you have used reflective practice to work, through an ethical dilemma/professional conflict in relation to the chosen principles. The two principles discussed in this essay are ethics and partnership. The definitions of these will be defined to demonstrate the relevance, they have (in practice) for the role of the youth and community worker. Again both principles have been chosen to highlight ethical dilemmas or conflict that have emerged within working practice, which will be demonstrated within two separate case studies. For this reason, the real names of people and organizations have been, changed, abbreviated or omitted for confidential reason. According to Sarah banks (2004) the term ethics has been defined in several ways, the first being the norms people follow around their value base which views things as right or wrong or good or bad. We will write a custom essay sample on Principles and practice of youth work or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Studies of moral norms focus on theories around right actions, how people make judgements, duties, conscious care, all of which are described as descriptive ethics. Banks argues, that there has been vast amounts of literature written about ethics within other fields of medical and health care in comparison to social profession such a youth and social work (Banks 2004) Within the National youth work agency statements of ethical principle and conduct youth workers are required to: Treat young people with respect, respect and promote young people’s rights to make their own decisions and choices, Promote and ensure the welfare and safety of young people, contribute towards the promotion of social justice for young people and in society generally. Practise with integrity, compassion, courage and competence. (NYA 2004) The first principle (treat young people with respect) has been associated with German philosopher Emmanuel Kant’ who based his moral philosophy on the principle of respect . Wood and Hine (2009) give a general summary of the national youth agency principles on ethics by highlighting that ethical principles in youth work are about youth workers regarding each young person as worthy of attention, regardless of what they have done, and argue that young people are often stigmatised, degraded treated unfairly, because of their lack economic and political power. For this reason wood and Hine suggest that youth workers need to work harder to implement these principles, when working with other professionals, who give priority to their own value, such as welfare and safety. (Wood and Hine 2009) Sarah banks (2004) make the point that ethics can affect practitioners at different levels and defines the difference between ethical issues, problems and dilemma. For example Ethical issues pervade youth work practice in that it takes place in the context of state-sponsored systems of welfare and control where matters of needs, rights, duties, interests, relationships, motives and the maintenance or transgression of prevailing norms are at stake. Ethical problems arise when the worker faces a difficult situation, where a decision has to be made, but where there is no dilemma for the person making the decision that is, it is clear which course of action to take. And Ethical dilemma arise when the youth worker faces a decision-making situation involving a difficult choice between two alternatives and it is not clear which choice will be the right one. (Banks 2004) Case study one Mandy, a 17 year old mother was under the supervision of social services child protection team, due to being in an abusive relationship with her boyfriend jay and having problems with illegal drugs, and past anger issues. As a young parent case worker, employed by the local authority, I was assigned to work with Mandy, along with three other professional’s consisting of a health visitor, mental health worker and social worker. A referral had been made by Linda, (Mandy’s social worker) as it was identified that Mandy needed some extra support around parenting for her 1 year old child Ben (who was still in her care) and other support to help her regain structure in her life. Linda (being Mandy’s social worker) was regarded as the lead professional and was responsible for bringing all the professionals together (along with Mandy) to have regular meeting about her progress and also to receive input from other professionals in the team and share information. Having built close trusting relationship with Mandy, she started to open up to me on home visits stating that she disliked both her social worker and health visitor and that she only liked me and her mental health worker because we listened to her. And disclosed that she would sometimes not answer her door or phone because she felt that both workers were trying to pry into her life and find faults to remove Ben. Although I respected what Mandy was saying, I also reminded her that, Linda her social worker, and her Health visitor, were there to carry out their roles, and that avoiding them, will only make thinks worse. Mandy immediately shared that, she knew I would go and narrate what she said. In my minds eye, I was aware that Mandy was just expressing how she felt, and that the conversation should remain confidential. I was also aware that jay her boyfriend way not allowed to stay at her home, because of past domestic violence. And I remembered Linda (the social worker) informing me that Ben would be removed and taken into care, if there was any signed that Mandy was in a relationship with Jay. I reassured Mandy that our conversation was confidential but advised her to keep her appointments with Linda and the health visitor. However, I felt I needed to remind Mandy of the contract we made at the first meeting, and that if she did disclose anything to do with Ben being at risk, I would need to disclose it. This notion has been supported by literature on group work, highlighting the importance that practitioners should ensure the groups or individuals (they work with) are made aware of the boundaries and duties Professionals have to act upon, regarding the information that is shared and given. (Rogers 2010) When Linda (social worker) phoned me later for an update on the visit, I told her everything was fine. The social worker warned me that Mandy could be manipulative and try to caused confusion and problems between professionals, so I needed to be mindful. This posed an ethical dilemma as Banks 2004 suggested, as I had a choice about whether to disclose my previous conversation about Mandy not liking the other professionals and not opening the door to them. I had already promised myself that I would keep Mandy’s conversation confidential, but felt I was also withholding information. My mind was telling me that, what Linda was saying, was just her opinion and felt that I should not break confidentiality based on Linda’s personal judgement of Mandy. I questioned if it was ethical not to support Linda in her role also as lead professional. One argument concerning boundaries suggests that we â€Å"all† have areas of prejudice and that professionals should question how they feel about issues or areas where they feel personally vulnerable. For example although I was working along side the social worker and health visitor, I didn’t feel that I should take on the role of an enforcer, but more of an advocate and empower and did not want Mandy to view me in a negative light (Ingram and Harris 2001) On my next visit, Mandy was not at home for her 3 pm appointment. After waiting at her door for ten minutes I decided to leave a note, when I saw Mandy running towards the front door. Mandy seemed flustered and informed me that she quickly went to the laundrette. Ben could be heard crying from the up stairs bedroom. I asked Mandy why she had left Ben (her 1 year old) in the house alone. Mandy insisted she was only gone for a short while and that she had locked all the doors, and that Jay didn’t have keys to her home. As a young parent worker, I had a duty of care and had to inform Mandy that I would have to inform Linda and other professionals working with her. This was very difficult for me, as I never wanted Mandy to see me in that light. Mandy begged me not to tell her social worker and promised she would never do it again. I wanted to believe her, but part of me needed to uphold my profession duties to protect vulnerable children. I was also aware that this was no longer an ethical dilemma, where I was left to choose, but rather an Ethical problem, where I was clear about my actions, which if not acted upon, could lead to problems. (Banks 2004) My fear was that this incident would affect the relationship; I had built with Mandy in the previous weeks and was unsure, if she would trust me again. Linda had called an urgent multiagency meeting to discuss the current incident that took place at Mandy’s house and informed, the team that Mandy’s son Ben had now been removed, to live in temporary foster care as the risk of Mandy repeating the same act was high and that Ben was at risk. Mandy who was present at the meeting started to cry and shout. I felt guilty as I felt it was my fault which led to Ben’s removal. As I tried reassuring Mandy, the health visitor reminded Mandy that she needed to take more responsibility for Bens care and didn’t feel she was fit to mother him at present and explained that she had wasted time that she could have spent on other families attending missed visits. I did not want to discuss the complexities of the case in Mandy’s presence, as she was already distraught, Instead I feedback (to the group) the ways I could offer support, to her. Mandy’s mental health worker felt that there was noting else she could offer Mandy and said she would be ending her sessions, due to lack of engagement by Mandy. This was difficult for me, as I knew that Mandy did wrong, but didn’t feel that particular meeting was the correct forum, in which to discuss her mistakes. Further more Briault 2002 has suggested that in difficult situations and conflicts, there is a tendency for all participants to see situations, only from their own perspective. Again young people who respond violently have tended to find it difficult to see a situation from other people perspectives. (Briault 2002) There has been much debate around the definition of partnership working and its definition, leading to no single definition but several. Douglas 2009 gives the definition that partnership is being effective in communication, sharing information and collaborating with other agencies. Other writers have argued that although in a partnership, individuals maintain their individual ‘authority’ whilst co-operating on the same issues. (Douglas 2009) The National youth agency 2004 described professional principles as the following: Recognise the boundaries between personal and professional life and be aware of the need to balance a caring and supportive relationship with young people with appropriate professional distance ,recognise the need to be accountable to young people, their parents or guardians, colleagues, funders, wider society and others with a relevant interest in the work, and that these accountabilities may be in Conflict, develop and maintain the required skills and competence to do the job, and Work for conditions in employing agencies where these principles are discussed, evaluated and upheld. The Every child matter initiative was introduced by the previous Labour government in 2003 partly in response to the proposed outcome of Lord Lamin inquiry into the death of Victory Climbe, who died in the care of her aunt and uncle, after being torched and abused. The criticism came as a result of agencies (who were involved in the case) started to blame each other. Therefore, its main aim was to place a legal duty on professionals from different agencies, to work together in a multifaceted way to safeguard children from abuse, violence and ensure that no child was left without adequate support. (Sayer 2008, Chemina 2009) Case study 2 David My role was a support worker to a young boy David. My work with David was Sessional, where I was required to provide short-term intervention around activities and arts. This intervention was requested from my team, by David’s social worker in conjunction with his school teacher and mentor. However, when the work started, I felt that the central theme (David) was no longer the centre stage at meetings. For example, the social worker would often say, that David had not changed over the years (in their own experience) and didn’t seem to take on the fact that I (the support worker) had encouraging feedback, about the one to one therapy work I had carried out with David on a weekly basis. The council I worked had made several funding cuts, which affected the amount of allocated time, I could work with David. The teacher and learning mentor always assumed that David would not engage with me and appeared negative every time I spoke about awarding David, when he did something good. Issues or difficulties observed by teachers as affecting David differed with mine, as David was always portrayed as a trouble maker and the teacher always spoke about how other children were effected by his behaviour, rather than how he could be supported in the class. When this was challenged, (by me) both the teacher and learning mentor kept on talking about their years of â€Å"experience† and talked about the fact they had worked with ADHD children before, and knew the issues they faced. The process of this particular partnership frustrated me and encouraged me question, who our responsibilities as professionals, lie. Hamilton c makes a good point about professional realising that, even if they don’t have parental responsibility, they still have a duty of care. (Hamilton 2005) On reflection, I could understand (to some extent), why the teacher and mentor were expressing such views, for example Ingram and Harris 2001 argue that schools and colleges tend to work of fixed programmes of learning, where youth work tends to be based on the young peoples needs and interest. (Ingram and Harris 2001) I came to the conclusion that my role as support worker wasnt fully recognised within the partnership or appreciated by other professionals and neither was David’s contribution and participation, as the young person, who, in my opinion, should have been central to the process. One could argue that the partnership was not effective due to the varying agenda’s of each professional. As Ingram and Harris suggest, because of different ideologies within professional practice, children’s rights are at the bottom, while the state remains at the top. (Ingram and Harris 2001) Reflecting on my partnerships with the social worker, teacher and mentor, It highlighted how (in practice) that partnerships don’t always go to plan, as suggested in theory, but can work if individual effort is made by those involved Conclusion Ethics has been described, as the norms people follow around their value base, which views things as right or wrong or good or bad. There remains a great influence of research and data around ethics that govern law, professions and personal life in terms of life choice and personal morals. Within youth and community work, professional ethics and practice have been given as a guide to aid professional conduct, through the National youth Agency. A case has cited in this essay has show, how Mandy, left her one year old son at home and begged her parent worker not to inform her social worker. As her worker, being faced with a decision that could compromise future relationship’s, was difficult. However the duty of care as a professional took precedence, in doing what was right and ultimately highlights the benefits of having professional ethics, which guide practice. In the same light working in partnership has been encouraged in policy through the introduction of every child matters, where the government have placed duty’s on all professionals working with children and young people to work together and share information. But like all things Theory and practice can only work together if there if full co-operation. In the case study of David and his relationship with his school and social worker, highlighted the way different ways in which agencies work, leading to a lack of support and a breakdown in communication amongst professionals. The two principles of ethics and partnership has highlighted, that if applied (in the right sense) youth and community workers can work to uphold the values and principle, in every day practice regardless of the challenges they face, to fully support the people , they work with. Bibliography Banks,S. 2004 Ethics, accountability and the social professions. Palgrave Macmillan. Briault,S. 2002 working it out: A handbook for violence prevention in work with young people. Russell House Publishing Cheminas, R. 2009 Effective Multi-agency partnerships: Putting every child Matters into practice. Sage Douglas, A. 2009 Partnership Working Routledge Hamilton, C. (2005) Working with Young People Legal Responsibility and Liability, The Children’s Legal Centre Ingram,g. and Harris, J. 2001 Delivering good youth work: A working guide to surviving and thriving. Russell House Publishing. National youth agency 2004 ethical conduct in youth and community work: Statement of values and principles. Leicester Rogers, v. 2010 Working with young women: activities for exploring Personal, social and emotional issues. Jessica Kingsley publishers. London Philadelphia. Second edition. Sayer,T. 2008 Critical practice in working with Children. Palgrave Macmillan Wood,J. and Jean . H. 2009 Working with young people. Sage, London